The Calandretas schools and the heritage of the Occitan language and culture ; Les écoles Calandretas et la patrimonialisation de la langue et de la culture occitanes
The aim of the project is to evaluate a glottopolitic intervention about valorisation and preservation of occitan culture that mobilizes region, cities councils and civil society: the calandretas schools. Born in Pau in 1979, they are associative and laic schools which teach occitan language in an immersive way and following Freinet's pedagogical concepts. By a global approach of the subject, the study will try to evaluate the impact of the calandretas schools, as a bottom-up language policy on the revitalization of the occitan language and the occitan culture: in the uses, the representations of the people directly involved but also on the social agents and the population in general. The study will take place in three cities of Occitanie. Pyrénées-Méditerranée region : Béziers, Pamiers and Carcassonne. Those three cities have been hosting a Calandreta schools for more than 20 years, they have a steady population and a dynamic associative occitan network. With a critical approach, we aim to analyse the social stakes raised by this kind of glottopolitic action in the context of revitalisation of "languages in danger".The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the description of the methodological frame and the fieldwork of our investigation. In the second part, we analyse the patrimonialisation of Occitan culture as an anthropological process involved in the transmission of a cultural practice, a social construct and a historicized discourses about languages. We also point out the link between the concept of patrimonialisation and other concept circulating in the field of sociolinguistic: normalisation and revitalization. Finally, we focus on the actualisation of patrimonialisation discourses among the actors of language policy of Occitan. The third part of this work is about the appropriation of the Calandreta's action by the agents of language policies in three medium-sized cities of Occitanie Region in the patrimonial context described int the second part. Through the analyse of institutional or press ...